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Cellular mechanics, a major regulating factor of cellular architecture and biological functions, responds to intrinsic stresses and extrinsic forces exerted by other cells and the extracellular matrix in the microenvironment. Cellular mechanics also acts as a fundamental mediator in complicated immune responses, such as cell migration, immune cell activation, and pathogen clearance. The principle of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its three running modes are introduced for the mechanical characterization of living cells. The peak force tapping mode provides the most delicate and desirable virtues to collect high-resolution images of morphology and force curves. For a concrete description of AFM capabilities, three AFM applications are discussed. These applications include the dynamic progress of a neutrophil-extracellular-trap release by neutrophils, the immunological functions of macrophages, and the membrane pore formation mediated by perforin, streptolysin O, gasdermin D, or membrane attack complex.
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Microscopy, Atomic Force , NeutrophilsABSTRACT
Nurses′ occupational stress has got more and more attention in recent years. This article summarizes the status of occupational stress in nursing staff, and its impact on the physical, mental health, and individual behavior of the nurse. Also it reviews the main factors influencing the nurses′ occupational stress. Then, from the analysis of demographic characteristics, coping strategies and other psychological factors, and positive psychology, it discuss the key points of intervention methods of nurses′ occupational stress, so as to provide suggestions to the intervention work of occupational stress in nursing staff.
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Nurses′occupational stress has got more and more attention in recent years. This article summarizes the status of occupational stress in nursing staff, and its impact on the physical, mental health, and individual behavior of the nurse. Also it reviews the main factors influencing the nurses′occupational stress. Then, from the analysis of demographic characteristics, coping strategies and other psychological factors, and positive psychology, it discuss the key points of intervention methods of nurses′occupational stress, so as to provide suggestions to the intervention work of occupational stress in nursing staff.
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Objective@#To study the protective effect of Ascorbic acid (AA) on the injury of nickel-exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) .@*Methods@#A model of damage induced by 50 μg/mL nickel refining dust was established to determine the relative survival rate of cells, superoxide dismutase (SOD) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione peroxidase. (GSH-Px) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and p53 (wild-type) , Bcl-2 protein expression. To investigate the protective effect of different doses of ascorbic acid (25, 50, 100 mmol/L) on nickel-refined dust-induced NIH/3T3 cell injury.@*Results@#The study showed that ascorbic acid Ⅲ group can make the NIH/3T3 cell survival rate increased significantly; Apoptosis rate was reduced; The vitality of SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . At the same time, the level of MDA and H2O2 and the activity of extracellular LDH enzyme were significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The results showed that nickel refining dust induced cell damage through up-regulation of p53 protein and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression; ascorbic acid interventions, the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in ascorbic acid II and III groups was higher than that of nickel refining dust group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The expression level of p53 protein in each dose group of ascorbic acid was lower than that of nickel refined dust group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#With the increase of concentration of ascorbic acid, oxidative damage levels, antioxidant enzyme levels, reduce cell apoptosis, reduce expression of p53, increased expression of Bcl-2. It showed that ascorbic acid had protective effect on NIH/3T3 cell injury induced by nickel refining dust.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of nurse-led team management on self-management and hyperten-sion control for community-dwelling hypertensive patients. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was adopt-ed,two communities were elected as the intervention group and the control group in Wuhou District,Chengdu,and 102 hypertensive patients were recruited from each group. The intervention group received nurse-led team manage-ment for 2 years,and intervention methods included individual management,phone or home follow-up,collective inter-vention and so on. While the control group received doctor-led hypertension management. The patients' self-man-agement behaviors and hypertension control were evaluated before the intervention and 6,12,24 months after the intervention. Results After 24-month nurse-led team management,scores of self-management behaviors and hyper-tension control rate of patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of patients in the con-trol group(P<0.05). Conclusion Nurse-led team management could significantly improve self-management behaviors and the rate of hypertension control for hypertensive patients.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of oxytocin combined with misoprostol in preventing postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section.Methods 86 patients with cesarean section who were treated and diagnosed in our hospital from March 2016 to October 2016 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to the time of hospitalization.The patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.43 cases.Preoperative two groups of patients with different treatment methods for science introduction, so that pregnant women mental stress to relax, ease the heart anxiety and nervous mood.On the basis of conventional treatment, the experimental group received the uterine injection of oxytocin, while the patients under the tongue to take drugs;the control group of patients with oxytocin injection for preventive treatment.Results In the two groups, 32 cases were effective in the experimental group, 1 case was ineffective, the effective rate was 97.67%, compared with 10 cases in the control group, 16 cases were ineffective, the total effective rate was 62.79 % was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Oxytocin combined with misoprostol has a good therapeutic effect on the postpartum hemorrhage in the prevention and treatment of uterine bleeding.Compared with the original conventional treatment, there is a high efficiency, and the patient's comfort is Higher to improve, to a certain extent, is the more excellent clinical treatment.
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Aim To explore the effect of water extract of Radix Isatidis(WERI)on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured to explore the effect of WERI on their proliferation measured by MTT and flow cytometry.Oil red O staining was applied to investigate the effect of different concentrations of WERI on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of external auditory canal chol‐esteatoma (EACC) .Methods The clinical data of 38 cases(39 ears)with external auditory canal cholesteatoma from August 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed .Results All the cases of EACC in this study had the external ear canal full of impacted squamous material or granulation tissue .The Holt and CT imaging examinations disclosed that 10 ears were phase I ,lesions were confined to the external auditory with no bone destruction .There were 23 ears were phase II ,the lesions were located in external auditory meatus with destruction of bone ,but with no involvement of the middle ear .There were 6 ears were phase III ,showing the lesions with disrupt external audi‐tory meatus and involvement of the middle ear ( mastoid and/or tympanic sinus) .Hearing impairment and aural fullness were the most common symptoms .The phase I cases were treated by removing cholesteatomas from the ex‐ternal auditory canal .Canaloplasty and/or tympanoplasty were performed in phase II cases .The phase III cases were successfully managed by modified radical mastoidectomy and/or tympanoplasty .There were 30 ears of tympan‐ic membrane were perfect and invaginate .There were 4 ears of ossicular chain were disrupted with one ear of facial nerve exposed .All surgeries were performed at once .No recurrence except in one patient was found during the fol‐low -up period .Conclusion The clinical stages can help identify the primary lesions and determine the choice of the best surgical approach .
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Obejective To analyze the related papers on nursing competency in China from 2004 to2014,and to learn the current status and developing trends of nursing competency,so as to provide reference for further research and development of nursing competency.Methods All literature related to nursing competency from 2004 to 2014 were searched in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP),and Wanfang database.Bibliometric analysis methods were used to analyze the distribution time,area,journal distribution and research categories by using Microsoft Excel.Results Totally 199 articles related to nursing competency were collected and the number of publications increased in recent years.About 78.89％ (157/199) papers were published in the statistical source journal and 34.17％ (68/199) papers were focused on survey research about nursing competency.Conclusions Nursing competency have been paid more attention to,but the quality of the literature still need to be improved.
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Objective To investigate researches on magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database and provide reference information for the majority of professionals in deep research.Methods Bibliographies from research literature of magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database were downloaded.The publication years,journals,countries of publication,the high yielding first authors and the high frequency of main subject were counted by Bicomb 2.0 software.The affiliations were analyzed artificially.main subject appeared no less than two times were intercepted as high frequency ones and the high frequency main subject co-occurrence matrix were formed.SPSS20.0 statistical software were applied for clustering analysis with matrix,then to get the topic hotspots.Results A total of 62 literatures were screened out.The data of research trend,journals,research degree of countries were acquired.The number of high frequency main subject were 18 and among which 4 research hotspots were clustered,respectively workplace environment and job satisfaction,nursing education,nursing quality administration,creation and leadership.Conclusions Researches on magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database are mainly in terms of workplace environment and job satisfaction,nursing education,nursing quality administration,creation and leadership.They are the foundation of the current research situation and trend of magnet hospital nursing management,and can improve management efficiency and provide reference for scientific research topic selection project.
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Objective To investigate the nurses′tasks in community hospitals in southwest China, so as to provide references for building nursing profession advanced examination system matching with the clinical requirements of community. Methods Different Professional Titles Nurses′ Tasks Questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health was used to investigate 201 nurses in 10 community hospitals that were randomly selected in southwest China. Results Nurse professional title with primary title mainly accounted for 59.20% (119/201),and the nurses who had received secondary and college degree accounted for 43.28%(87/201), 38.81%(78/201). 120 items of nursing tasks were divided into 8 dimensions, the highest of implementation frequency score was the dimension related with drug treatment which scored 3.05±1.18, while the lowest was related with meeting the patients′basic needs which scored 1.40 ± 1.05; the highest of tasks′ importance assess score was the task dimension related with drug treatment which scored 3.36 ± 0.56, while the lowest was the dimension of communications which scored 2.74 ± 0.81. The correlation analysis of execution frequency and importance assess of each dimension showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.161-0.397,P0.05). Score difference of tasks’execution frequency and importance evaluation for different Professional titles nurses had no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions The reform of the nurses′career advanced examination should be combined with development status and nurses′tasks in community, in addition, both raising the nurses′ comprehensive quality and improving job responsibilities and functions division of community is the basis of the reform.
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Aim To observe the effects of active com-ponent of Radix Isatidis ( ACRI ) on anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue in mice and investigate its possible mecha-nism. Methods Based on the weights, the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group, ACRI 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 groups, positive drug ( American ginseng liquid) control group 3 mL·kg-1 . Drugs were administered to the mice for about 14 con-secutive days, and during the experiment general situa-tions of mice were observed. The experiment of bearing hypoxia at normal pressure and the experiment of swim-ming while weight-bearing were conducted to study the effect of ACRI on anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue in mice. Then the superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activities, the content of maleic dialdehyde ( MDA ) of mice serum and liver and blood urea nitrogen, blood lactic acid, liver glycogen were detected, in order to investigate its mechanism. Results ACRI decreased the growth rate of body weight in mice significantly, obviously pro-longed the survival time of anoxic mice at normal pres-sure and the swimming time of loaded mice, enhanced the SOD activities of mice blood and liver, decreased the MDA content of mice blood and liver, increased the content of liver glycogen, and decreased the blood urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid in mice after swim-ming. Conclusion ACRI has the anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue functions.
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BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has confirmed that miR-196a plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in a variety of cancers. It has been demonstrated that miR-196a is highly up-regulated in laryngeal cancer by miRNA profiling analysis. However, the functional mechanism of miR-196a in laryngeal cancer remains unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of miR-196a in laryngeal cancer METHODS: In the present study, we conducted qPCR analysis of miR-196a expression in human laryngeal cancer and showed that miR-196a was overexpressed in tumor-derived samples and laryngeal cancer cell lines compared with matched normal controls. Further functional analysis of miR-196a demonstrated that the inhibition of miR-196a could inhibit laryngeal cell-cycle progression and proliferation in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot confirmed that miR-196a directly targeted p27kip1. Moreover, in order to investigate whether miR-196a regulated cell growth in laryngeal cancer cells by targeting p27kip1, rescue studies were performed in laryngeal cancer cells RESULTS: Results showed that overexpression of p27kip1 rescue decreased cell proliferation caused by miR-196a inhibitors. A negative relation between miR-196a and p27kip1 expression in laryngeal cancer tissues were also noted by further analyses CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that miR-196a was upregulated in laryngeal cancer and promoted cell proliferation by downregulating p27kip1 in laryngeal cancer. However, further studies are needed to verify this finding
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular mechanism of Waardenburg syndrome type II (WS2) resulting from SOX10 gene mutation E248fs through in vitro experiment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>293T cells were transiently transfected with wild type (WT) SOX10 and mutant type (MT) E248fs plasmids. The regulatory effect of WT/MT SOX10 on the transcriptional activity of MITF gene and influence of E248fs on WT SOX10 function were determined with a luciferase activity assay. The DNA binding capacity of the WT/MT SOX10 with the promoter of the MITF gene was determined with a biotinylated double-stranded oligonucleotide probe containing the SOX10 binding sequence cattgtc to precipitate MITF and E248fs, respectively. The stability of SOX10 and E248fs were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As a loss-of-function mutation, the E248fs mutant failed to transactivate the MITF promoter as compared with the WT SOX10 (P<0.01), which also showed a dominant-negative effect on WT SOX10. The WT SOX10 and E248fs mutant were also able to bind specifically to the cattgtc motif in the MITF promoter, whereas E248fs had degraded faster than WT SOX10.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Despite the fact that the E248fs has a dominant-negative effect on SOX10, its reduced stability may down-regulate the transcription of MITF and decrease the synthesis of melanin, which may result in haploinsufficiency of SOX10 protein and cause the milder WS2 phenotype.</p>
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Humans , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , Genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , SOXE Transcription Factors , Genetics , Waardenburg Syndrome , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of drug phonophoresis therapy in the treatment of acute iridocyclitis.Methods According to randomized block design,104 patients with acute iridocyclitis were divided into the control group of 52 cases (72 eyes)with 1％ atropine mydriasis,oral prednisone tablets and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone treatment,76 eyes of 52 cases in the treatment group with 1％ atropine mydriasis,oral prednisone tablets and dexamethasone phonophoresis intraocular treatment.Results Compared with the control group,the cure rates of treatment group and control group were 84.2％ and 58.5％ respectively,there was significantly significant difference between the two groups(x2 =12.598,P =0.000),oral hormone time from the beginning to the first reduction[treatment group and control group were (5.12 ± 1.00) d and (7.32 ± 0.97) d respectively (t =-13.495,P =0.000)] and oral hormone total time [treatment group and control group were (27.82 ± 4.84) d and (35.49 ± 4.74) d respectively (t =-9.720,P =0.000)] were significantly shortened,complications decreased significantly[conjunctival edema rate (x2 =9.657,P =0.002),subconjunctival hemorrhage rate (x2 =6.601,P =0.010),conjunctival scarring rate (x2 =4.340,P =0.037),pain rate (x2 =63.419,P =0.000) and oculocardiac reflectivity rate (x2 =33.293,P =0.000)] and patient satisfaction improved significantly (treatment group and control group were 94.7％ and 69.4％ respectively) (x2 =16.333;P =0.000).Conclusion Dexamethasone phonophoresis therapy has better clinical efficacy and higher cure rate,and it is non-invasive,safe and reliable,less complications and high satisfaction in the treatment of acute iridocyclitis.
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Objective To investigate the impact of pair box 3 (PAX3) gene mutations on transcriptional ac‐tivity of target gene microphthalmia -associated transcription factor (MITF) and the role it plays in the pathogene‐sis of Waardenburg syndrome type I .Methods The 293T cells were transient transfected with wild type (WT ) PAX3 and mutant type (M T ) H80D ,H186fsX5 plasmids .We observed and analysed the regulation effects of WT/MT PAX3 on the transcriptional activities of MITF and the influence of the two mutants on WT PAX3 function u‐sing luciferase activity assays ,detect DNA binding capacity of WT/MT PAX3 to MITF gene promoter using a bioti‐nylated double - stranded oligonucleotide probe containing PAX3 binding motif ATTAAT to precipitate PAX3 , H80D and H186fsX5 respectively .Results H80D mutant was partially functional and was able to transactivate the MITF promoter in part ,but it was dramatically reduced as compared with WT PAX 3(P0 .05) .WT PAX3 and H80D mutant were able to bind specifically to the ATTAAT motif on the MITF promoter ,whereas H186fsX5 PAX3 lost the DNA -binding ability .Conclusion The mutations H80D and H186fsX5 made down-regulation of MITF transcription and decrease syn‐thesis of melanin ,which resulted in haploinsufficiency of PAX3 protein and caused mild phenotypes of WS1 .
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Objective To investigate the charge nurses' leadership style perceived by nurses and nurse's self-efficacy,and then analyze the relationship between them.Methods Totally 368 staff nurses from 3A hospitals in Sichuan were investigated with questionnaires.The results underwent analysis.Results The score of charge nurses' transformational leadership style was 58.06±12.10,from high to low in turn was intellectual stimulation (3.10±0.69),inspirational motivation (2.92±0.73),idealized influence (2.88±0.67) and individualized consideration (2.71±0.74).The score of charge nurses' transactional leadership style was 35.77±8.58,from high to low in turn was contingency reward (3.11±0.71),passive exemplary management (3.09±0.75) and active exemplary management (2.75±0.90).The score of nurses' self-efficacy was 83.51±11.62.The transformational leadership style had positively predictive impact on nurses' selfefficacy.Conclusions Nursing managers should apply transformational leadership to improve nurses selfefficacy,promote the physical and mental health of nurses and the long-term development of hospital.
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Objective To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthetic Nrf 2 siRNA on the expression of Nrf2 gene in human laryngeal cancer cell lines Hep2 and to investigate the effects of Nrf2 siRNA on chemosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma to cisplatin by detection growth and apoptosis in Hep2 cells .Methods The recombinant plas‐mid control siRNA and Nrf2 siRNA were transfected into Hep2 cells ,and western blot analysis of Nrf2 expression in Hep2 cells was performed 48 h after transfection .In order to determine whether Nrf2 siRNA can enhance the sensi‐tivity of Hep2 laryngeal cells to cisplatin ,we treated Hep2 cells with different concentrations of cisplatin after 24 h , and evaluated these cells for proliferation ,and apoptosis .CCK - 8 and flow cytometry assay were used for determi‐nation of cells proliferation and apoptosis in Hep2 cells .We calculated the inhibition rate and IC50 of the cell after treating with different concentrations of ciplatin .Results The laryngeal carcinoma cell stain Hep2 was transfected by Nrf2 siRNA and control siRNA respectively .The result of western blot showed the Nrf 2 expression was signifi‐cantly impeded at protein levels .CCK - 8 assay showed the proliferation of Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA and Hep2/ control siRNA was inhibited to 35 .55% to 46 .07% at 24 h respectively after treating with 4 μg/ml cisplatin .The chemo‐sensitivity to cisplatin in Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA was markly increased compared with Hep2/control siRNA .The IC50 in Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA was 5 .27 μg/ml contrast to 8 .107 μg /ml compared in Hep2/control siRNA .The result of flow cytometry analysis showed the apoptosis rate after Nrf 2 depletion was increased from 17 .1% to 26 .6% .Conclusion This study demonstrates that Nrf2 siRNA effectively inhibits Nrf2 gene expression in Hep2 cells leading to growth suppression and induction of apoptosis in Hep2 cells under cisplatin .The use of siRNA technique may pro‐vide a novel therapeutic approach to treat laryngeal cancer for enhance chemosensitivity .
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The purpose of this review is to explain the function of LL-37 in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin identified so far. LL-37 is an integral part of the innate immune,the role of which in chronic sinusitis is attracting more and more s attention.
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Humans , Cathelicidins , Metabolism , Chronic Disease , Sinusitis , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To understand status quo of the domestic and foreign iceberg competency model application,and to provide basis for further study in the nursing iceberg competency model.Methods A literature review about the application of competency iceberg model at home and abroad since 2009 was carried out,the relevant data was listed,and the research situation of domestic and foreign nursing iceberg competency model was summarized.Results According to the 141 total literatures whose theme was the iceberg competency model,only 3 articles were related to the nursing field,while most of the iceberg competency model aimed at the study of enterprises in the high-level management personnel,sales personnel and so on.More researches on competency iceberg model were conducted abroad,involved in all walks of life,an research direction of nursing had turned from general iceberg competency model to the study of specific posts.Conclusions The iceberg competency model applied to the management of nursing human resources in China is developed lately and the studies lack breadth,depth and scientificalness.Compared with foreign countries,there is a big gap.A thorough iceberg competency model for human resource management is ought to be studied to provide a new perspective and a more useful tool for the early Chinese nursing theory and practice.